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第４回ＣＯＥ(自己組織系物理)ワークショップ ［通算第4回］
| Cosmos in Condensed Matter |
| 日 時 |
2003年11月28日（金） 15時〜17時30分 |
| 場 所 |
早稲田大学理工学部大久保キャンパス51号館3階第二会議室 [地図] |
| 講 師 |
G. Volovik 氏 ( Helsinki University of
Technology, Low Temperature
Laboratory & Landau Institute)
寺崎一郎 氏 (早稲田大学理工学部) |
| 要 旨 |
J.R. Klauder氏との共著作“Fundamentals of Quantum
Optics”等でよく知られた、場の理論・数理物理専門の物理学者 E.C.G. Sudarshan教授と、ブラウン運動の数理・無限次元解析の分野で著名な数学者 飛田武幸教授 を講師に招き、数理物理学の話題に関するジョイントセミナーを行います。 |
| 紹介教員 |
前田恵一 |
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| [プログラム] |
| 15:00-16:00 |
G. Volovik
“Momentum-space topology and emergent relativity”
Abstract:
The phenomenon of emergent physics in the many-body systems
becomes the paradigm of the modern physics, which probably
can be applied to the high energy physics and cosmology too.
The encouraging fact comes from universal properties of the
ground state (the analog of the quantum vacuum) in the fermionic
many-body systems described in terms of the momentum-space
topology. In one of the two generic universality classes of
fermionic quantum vacua the gauge fields, chiral fermions,
Lorentz invariance, gravity, relativistic spin, and other features
of the Standard Model do gradually emerge at low energy. The
conditions at which the emergent laws become as accurate as
in the Standard Model are still unclear, and this requires
further investigation. However, some of the emerging properties
of the quantum vacuum are so general that probably they do
not depend on the accuracy of physical laws. This enables us
to say something on the properties of the quantum vacuum of
the Standard Model.
Dealing with quantum vacuum, different physical communities
(the high-energy, general-relativity and condensed-matter communities)
use different experience developed in working in each of those
fields. The condensed-matter experience provides us with some
criterion for selection of the particle physics theories and
theories of gravity. In particular, it allows us to provide
the plausible mechanism for the solution of the cosmological
constant problems; to make the choice between different candidates
for dark energy and dark matter; to make a choice between different
schemes of the unification of quarks and leptons in GUT extension
of the Standard Model; to give an explanation for the energy-momentum
puzzle in general relativity; to find unexpected influence
of the event horizon on the quantum vacuum; to discuss possible
mechanisms of the baryonic asymmetry of the Universe relating
them to the properties of the quantum vacuum, etc.
Some of these issues can be found in my book "The Universe
in a Helium Droplet", Clarendon Press, Oxford (2003). |
| 16:30-17:30 |
I. Terasaki
“Inhomegeneity in a homogeneous system: charge fluctuation
in an organic salt”
Abstract:
In a certain class of condensed
matter, different order parameters are coexisting and/or
competing, and can cause
intrinsic inhomenegeous state. Conductive organic salt
has the transfer energy, the Coulomb repulsion, and the
electron-phonon interaction of the same order, and exhibits
various phases with slight parameter change. We have discovered
electron inhomogeneity in the theta-(BEDT-TTF) salt, which
is a perfect crystal without significant disorder. |
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